Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} One of the central themes of political philosophy is Bobbian democracy. In consequence there are many approaches to the philosopher Turin along its vast bibliography. In this article it would not be possible to make more (...) than a brief tour on this extensive topic which deals with Bobbio. Our proposal is the focus on some of the aspects that can bring us closer to the nucleus of Bobbian thought about democracy and its vicissitudes, which itself would justify an completely autonomous line of investigation. In these lines I shall do more exact those dimensions which deal with the concept of democracy in Bobbio. Then, the objective is linking this concept with the sense and importance enjoyed in the concept of political participation in the context of his political work, in which the concept of activae civitatis is of an outstanding position. (shrink)

O presente trabalho visa analisar a possibilidade de se utilizar a ontologia matemática, conforme se pode observar na obra de Badiou, para conformar a estrutura lógica de teorias sociais. Trata-se de exemplificar como o conceito de multiplicidade sem unidade pode substituir a noção grega tradicional de que a unidade é anterior à multiplicidade. Para isso se apresentam as inovações matemáticas de Cantor, com a teoria dos conjuntos, e Paul Cohen, que apresenta as noções de “genérico” e “forçamento”, as quais permitem (...) a concepção de uma multiplicidade sem unidade. Por fim, aborda-se a analogia levantada por William Widen que aproxima o raciocínio lógico-matemático utilizado pela teoria dos conjuntos ao método de “subtração” utilizado por John Rawls para a formação de sua teoria da justiça. (shrink)

Objetiva-se, com o presente trabalho, uma efetiva contribuição às pesquisas interdisciplinares nas áreas de epistemologia social, direito, filosofia, economia e teoria política, que, em nossos dias atuais de incertezas e de cenários cada vez mais complexos, demandam dos agentes e legisladores justificações precisas de seus processos decisórios para implementar políticas públicas e ações coletivas que promovam efetivamente o bem comum em nossas democracias. Trata-se, em última análise, de uma aposta pragmática na busca por uma solução que melhor se adeque à (...) nossa realidade social em face da crise de representatividade e da falência aparente dos atuais mecanismos de eleição nas sociedades democráticas contemporâneas. Para tanto, é mister que se avalie atentamente as condições de racionalidade estabelecidas, considerando os requisitos formais de desempenho lógico, tais como foram historicamente desenvolvidos na teoria da escolha coletiva, visando uma resposta viável que não apenas represente um somatório de escolhas individuais, mas possa de fato traduzir uma verdadeira escolha social. Palavras-chave: Escolha Social. Escolha Racional. Kenneth Arrow. Legitimidade. John Rawls. Amartya Sen. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to present the thesis “On the Ontogenetic Evolution of the Human Embryo in its Relations with Phylogenesis,” by Affonso Regulo de Oliveira Fausto, published in Brazil in 1890. To our knowledge, it was one of the first Brazilian academic works focused specifically on evolution. It was also the first doctoral thesis that addressed the topic of recapitulation in order to analyze what was then called the progressive evolution of the human species in tandem with (...) the embryological development of the individuals that would constitute the Brazilian “type.” In the present work, we analyze the author’s thesis in relation to its sources, concepts, as well as the country’s political context at the time of its publication. Fausto’s text, in which he explicitly recognized the influence of Ernst Haeckel’s recapitulation theory, represents a window to understand better a concept of nation based on science and on the idea of inexorable progress that was accepted in Brazil at the end of the nineteenth century. (shrink)

This book intends to make known, in a detailed but accessible way to the general public, an old idea, but which has had a renewed interest in recent years: the proposal of attributing an unconditional basic income for all. This idea, often discarded and disqualified for allegedly belonging to the mere domain of utopia, understood in a pejorative sense as something unrealizable, has been the target of the interest of many people (academics, politicians, businesspeople, activists and, of course, all citizens (...) concerned with the common good) is presented as being feasible through several concrete experiences and pilot projects. (shrink)

In his interesting, original and well organized paper "O Ceticismo Pirrônico e os Problemas Filosóficos" Oswaldo Porchat Pereira reinterprets ancient Pyrrhonism and claims a new domain for the philosophical activity, namely the "phenomenic" one. The present text examines this doctrine in order to unravel not only the similarities between the Porchatian approach and contemporary pragmatism, but also some of the main difficulties connected with that reinterpretarion of Pyrrhonism.

The article analyzes the possibility of reconciling skepticism with moral theories and the idea that moral philosophy is the supreme arbiter of all moral justification. We cannot take universally valid maxims as descriptive rules nor can we fall into an individualistic relativism. H. Putnam seeks to deconstruct Habermas' separation of values and norms, and, in doing so, he shows the need for such a reconciliation.

1a̲ parte. O período colonial (1500-1822).

No presente texto, faço uma discussão das idéias de Júlio Cabrera, apresentadas no artigo “Sentido e valor da vida: uma diferença crucial”. Procuro mostrar, contra Cabrera, que a questão sobre o sentido da vida está imbricada com a questão do valor da vida. Argumento que, a favor de Cabrera, podemos identificar um valor negativo na vida, mas, contra ele, podemos identificar também um valor positivo. Seu pessimismo advém de uma visão parcial da realidade, uma vez que ele rejeita, sem uma (...) justificativa adequada, a possibilidade de uma experiência mística redentora. Na discussão do vitalismo de tipo nietzschiano com que Cabrera termina seu texto, argumento que a tese segundo a qual a vida se auto-sustenta em seu desvalor envolve um contrabando filosófico nessa constatação vital básica. Tento mostrar também que filosofia e vida não se opõem radicalmente, como pensa Cabrera, e que nisso segue o espírito da oposição estabelecida por Nietzsche entre verdade e vida. A complexidade do real só pode ser sugerida pelo discurso racional, através do apelo à complementaridade descritiva, que envolve a combinação de uma pluralidade de descrições do mesmo domínio do real. Isso revela as limitações do discurso racional, que só pode ser superado pela intuição silenciosa. Esta última não parece ter sido devidamente considerada por Cabrera. (shrink)

RESUMO -/- Faz-se uma comparação entre as abordagens de Hume e de Matias Aires no que concerne à vaidade e seus efeitos sobre a vida humana. O propósito é divulgar as idéias do filósofo brasileiro Matias Aires e revelar o que poderia ser uma falha importante na explicação filosófica humiana da experiência religiosa. -/- ABSTRACT -/- A comparison is made between Hume's and Matias Aires' approaches concerning vanity and its effects on human life. The purpose is to divulge the ideas (...) of the Brazilian philosopher Matias Aires and to reveal what might be an important flaw in the Humean philosophical account of religious experience. (shrink)

...Com o objetivo de olhar para relação nem sempre valorizada entre o Brasil e a Filosofia é que o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia da FAJE e o Grupo de Pesquisa Filosofia do Brasil (FIBRA) têm organizado os colóquios "Pensadores Brasileiros". Esta coletânea reúne textos das conferências feitas na edição do colóquio ocorrida em 2018. Naquela ocasião foi apresentada a relação entre Filosofia e Brasil em alguns autores específicos: Machado de Assis, João da Cruz Costa e Dermeval Saviani. Mas também (...) foi discutida a própria relação entre o Brasil e a Filosofia..."--Cover page 4. (shrink)

Teaching is, to date, one of the most prone jobs to experiencing occupational stress and burnout. Owing to burnout’s negative personal, social, organizational and economic impacts, researchers, practitioners and education policy leaders are interested in developing practices and interventions aimed at preventing/reducing its prevalence. With teachers’ main professional demands to be of a social and emotional nature, interventions designed with a view to promote teachers’ social and emotional competence appears to be particularly promising, positively impacting teachers’ well-being and personal accomplishment (...) and contributing to a decrease in their psychological distress, namely emotional exhaustion. However, theoretical and empirically grounded interventions with ecological validity and specifically targeting teachers are still scarce. Thus, to bridge the previously identified gaps, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and the quality of the intervention’s implementation of the A+, an online social and emotional learning intervention for elementary-school teachers. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a total of 81 participants from three different school contexts. School clusters were similar in size, organizational structure and socioeconomic level, and as regards previous attendance at social and emotional learning interventions; however, they differed with regards to perceived organizational climate. Data on the efficacy of the A+ was collected across four waves using a set of self-report questionnaires that assessed proximal variables and distal variables, and analyzed through Robust Linear Mixed-Effects Models. Coefficient omegas suggested adequate reliability of the measures. Additionally, two trained observers completed an observation grid to evaluate the quality of the A+ implementation, with excellent inter-rater reliability. Results suggested that, over time, the A+ had positive impacts across proximal and distal variables favoring the experimental group. However, results differed across the school contexts. These findings were accompanied by good implementation quality indicators, namely high fidelity in the delivery of the A+ contents and high participants’ responsiveness. Despite its limitations, this study contributes to a growing body of research which reinforces the importance of investing in social and emotional learning interventions to prevent teachers’ burnout and improve their occupational health. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of implementation quality research as a component of program planning with a view to enhancing programs’ efficacy, as well as the need to adapt and consider context variables in research and practice. (shrink)

Translation of Diogenes Laërtius’ _Lives, _book 5, steps 36-57, dealing with the life of Theophrastus.

Reseña de Soprano, Germán y Tato, María Inés (Dirs.) (2022). Malvinas y las guerras del siglo XX. Buenos Aires: Teseo Press, 292 pp.

Este texto plantea un estudio comparativo desde la tesis de “la banalidad del mal” de Hannah Arendt, a partir de dos personajes inscritos uno desde la literatura y el otro desde la filosofía moral. Por un lado, el personaje del poeta y piloto de la Fuerza Aérea en la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet, Carlos Wieder, que aparece en la novela Estrella distante (1996), del escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño, y, por el otro, el oficial nazi Adolf Eichmann y el (...) conflicto político que generó su juicio penal en Jerusalén en 1961, luego de su captura en un suburbio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en 1960. De esta manera, propongo un diálogo entre ambos personajes: uno literario, basado en aconte- cimientos históricos y ficticios, y la crítica desarrollada por la filósofa alemana Hannah Arendt, con indicios de filosofía política y moral, al acusado por críme- nes al pueblo judío, contra la humanidad y crímenes de guerra durante el régi- men nazi en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Las reflexiones de Arendt, elaboradas ante la invitación a realizar un “relato de hechos” sobre el caso para la revista estadounidense The New Yorker durante el periodo del juicio, se publicaron en: Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil, en 1963. (shrink)

Eric SADIN Editorial Caja Negra, 2018, 160 pp. Buenos Aires, ISBN: 978-987-1622-53-5.

Mathematical fictionalism is the view according to which mathematical objects are ultimately fictions, and, thus, need not be taken to exist. This includes fictional objects, whose existence is typically not assumed to be the case. There are different versions of this view, depending on the status of fictions and on how they are connected to the world. In this paper, I critically examine the various kinds of fictionalism that Roberto Torretti identifies, determining to what extent they provide independent, defensible (...) conceptions of mathematical ontology and how they differ from platonism (the view according to which mathematical objects and structures exist and are abstract, that is, they are neither causally active nor are located in spacetime). I then contrast Torretti’s forms of fictionalism with a version of the view that, I argue, is clearly non-platonist and provides a deflationary account of mathematical ontology, while still accommodating the attractive features of the view that Torretti identified. (shrink)

In this paper we argue that the formalisms for decoherence originally devised to deal just with closed or open systems can be subsumed under a general conceptual framework, in such a way that they cooperate in the understanding of the same physical phenomenon. This new perspective dissolves certain conceptual difficulties of the einselection program but, at the same time, shows that the openness of the quantum system is not the essential ingredient for decoherence. †To contact the authors, please write to: (...) Mario Castagnino, CONICET-IAFE, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Casilla de Correos 67, Sucursal 28, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Roberto Laura, IFIR-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Av. Pellegrini 250, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Olimpia Lombardi, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, C. Larralde 3440, 6°D, 1430, Buenos Aires; e-mail: [email protected]. (shrink)

Reseña del libro “La inteligencia artificial o el desafío del siglo: Anatomía de un antihumanismo radical” Autor: Éric Sadin Editorial Caja Negra Buenos Aires, 2020, 328 pp. ISBN: 978-987-1622-86-3.

OLIVEIRA, Marcos Roberto Alves. O confronto entre Thomas Kuhn e Imre Lakatos sobre a Racionalidade Científica. São Luís, Editora UEMA, 2015. 160p.

This book provides an interdisciplinary approach to one of the most fascinating and important open questions in science: What is quantum mechanics really talking about? In the last decades quantum mechanics has given rise to a new quantum technological era, a revolution taking place today especially within the field of quantum information processing; which goes from quantum teleportation and cryptography to quantum computation. Quantum theory is probably our best confirmed physical theory. However, in spite of its great empirical effectiveness it (...) stands today still without a universally accepted physical representation that allows us to understand its relation to the world and reality. The novelty of the book comes from the multiple perspectives put forward by top researchers in quantum mechanics, from Europe as well as North and South America, discussing the meaning and structure of the theory of quanta. The book comprises in a balanced manner physical, philosophical, logical and mathematical approaches to quantum mechanics and quantum information. Going from quantum superpositions and entanglement to dynamics and the problem of identity; from quantum logic, computation and quasi-set theory to the category approach and teleportation; from realism and empiricism to operationalism and instrumentalism; the book considers from different angles some of the most intriguing questions in the field. From Buenos Aires to Brussels and Cagliari, from Florence to Florianópolis, the interaction between different groups is reflected in the many different articles. This book is interesting not only to the specialists but also to the general public attempting to get a grasp on some of the most fundamental questions of present quantum physics. (shrink)